Landscape and Climate Changes in Southeastern Amazonia from Quaternary Records of Upland Lakes

The upland lakes (ULs) in Carajás, southeastern Amazonia, have been extensively studied with respect to their high-resolution structural geology, geomorphology, stratigraphy, multielement and isotope geochemistry, palynology limnology. These studies generated large multiproxy datasets, which were integrated this review explain the formation evolution of ULs. ULs evolved during Pliocene–Pleistocene periods through several episodes a subsidence lateritic crust (canga) promoted by fault reactivation. resulting filled under wet/dry warm/cool paleoclimatic conditions Pleistocene period. geochemical signature indicates that detrital sediments these predominantly derived from weathered canga ferruginous soils, while sedimentary organic matter came autochthonous (siliceous sponge spicules, algae, macrophytes) allochthonous (C3/C4 forest plants freshwater dissolved carbon) sources. Modern pollen rain suggests even small can record both influence vegetation signals; thus, they serve as reliable sites provide history. data cores indicate active never dried up last 50 ka cal BP. However, subaerial exposure occurred ULs, such Tarzan mountain range Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) Bocaína S11 ranges mid-Holocene period, due drier conditions. Considering proxies, expansion C4 has observed dry events. Extensive precipitation siderite UL deposits LGM indicated paleoenvironmental conditions, interrupting wet there is no evidence widespread replacement savanna Carajás plateau Amazonia late Holocene.